Okay, thank you for the info!
BTW, since you haven't been on here too long, here's the deal with endowments. They are essentially like a mutual fund. When someone donates to the endowment, they are essentially buying shares of that fund by adding to their donation to the overall investing pool. When you see the ~$3 billion endowment number, that is effectively the entire investment pool for all combined endowment funds within the university...and that includes endowment funds that benefit all sorts of purposes in all 17 colleges & schools, all the academic centers, the athletic department, and all the regional campuses, labs sites, etc.
The entire purpose of that pool is to provide revenue (the investment returns) that are distributed to the individual endowment funds. The purpose of donors creating these individual endowment funds is to provide, at least in theory, funding in perpetuity for specific donor intended purposes: like scholarships, endowed chairs (supporting faculty positions), fellowships, research funds, community outreach projects...all sorts of things. Donors legal specify what the funds can and cannot be used to support, and it can usually be very specific. The donor intent is protect by law.
In order for the donation to last for perpetuity, the annual return received from the investment pool has to both replenish the money annually withdrawn to support the purpose that it was created for,
and offset the rise in inflation. The later is important, as the purchasing power of the endowment disbursements is supposed to at least remain constant, if not grow; it is not supposed to shrink over time. If the purchasing power shrinks, then the entire point of ensuring the perpetuity of the financial support is lost.
The amount that can be disbursed from an endowment fund is also regulated by laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (or any other state...the laws are pretty much the same). The amount in PA is no less than 2% and no more than 7% of the fund. This minimum and maximum protects the endowment from turning into a hoarded pile of money or from being spent beyond the ability of the investment returns to maintain its purchasing power, and absolutely to prevent it from being raided like a piggy bank. Pitt sets its endowment disbursements typically around 4.5% of the annual amount for a fund. This is a very typical level for most institutions. Pitt actually calculates the disbursement annually as either the three-year average of the fair market value or a “floor” of the prior year’s distribution, provided that the distribution is not less than 2% or more than 7% of the trailing three-year average. This means it fluctuates from year to year based on how the endowment is doing, but the floor prevents university units that are supported by endowments from getting unexpected cuts from one year to the next based on how the market is doing (i.e. it helps make annual funding more stable). Funds are actually distribute on a $ per share basis, just like a mutual fund.
So, if you see someone talk about a $1 million dollar endowment (e.g. someone donated $1m for a scholarship fund) you can do a quick calculation that it probably means $45,000 is distributed to that endowment fund every year (to annually pay for the cost of the scholarship in the example). That means the ~$3 billion endowment at Pitt provides the university $135 million a year in financial support, mostly for specific projects through the entire university. Considering the budget of the university is over $2 billion a year, the endowment represent financial support of less than 7% of the total annual university budget. That is less than the % of the budget received from the state in most years. It is definitely not one of the largest sources of revenue for the university's operations.