I'm actually an Indians fan, but they basically have to be perfect to have a few years of a chance. And one or two bad signings and they are dead to rights. KC didn't contend for 20 years and it is likely going to be a long time before that happens again. It isn't the same in any of the other major sports. And that article linked really just highlights "city/market" size with ability to spend 4 times the competition. Those two things don't really equate, even though they correlate some. It is all about fanbase and how much public money supports them.
There would still be areas the richer teams could outspend (coaches, scouting, etc.) teams who struggle with TV and gate income and who rely on revenue sharing to make a profit. MLB is broken compared to the other sports and they have taken a step with bonus/draft spending, but their luxury tax setup doesn't come close to closing the gap between haves and have nots. Of course, the MLBPA has the strongest Union and don't want to give in to what will lead to at least some initial deflation of salaries.
The distribution on that scatter graph illustrates exactly what you're saying. Oakland is a prime example. They self impose poverty but manage to remain competitive because they have really smart people.
I get the flukiness of winning when you're not able to just toss cash around. But you also don't need to lose twenty years in a row either. And market size doesn't mean that a team like Pittsburgh can't gamble once in a while. What irks me is that there was never a long term plan to build around Cutch. It's easier to land some top talent when you draft so high every year but this is the same franchise that opted to avoid drafting a guy because he might cost them a few bucks and refused to go get talent that was available in trades. That behavior is inexcusable. Yet Pirate fans go running to the stadium and seem to be satisfied with "the experience" or how nice it is to sit in the stands at such a great park. I hear that so often and it blows my mind. Winning is maybe the third or fourth priority for the Pirates and somehow, they get a pass.