Racial covenants were clauses put into the titles of homes in newly constructed areas that forbid the sale of the properties to blacks. These were very common from the late 1800s until WW2. These were also widely used against Jews, and against Asians out west. Redlining is when banks would draw a red line around certain areas on a map, usually based on changing racial composition, and would refuse loans to people living inside those areas, regardless of their qualifications. This would ensure a lack of investment, and upkeep in those areas, ensuring that they would decline into slums.